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Updating your iPhone or iPad’s iOS (or iPadOS) is important for getting new features, security patches, and performance improvements. Most people update their devices over the air (OTA) directly from their phone or tablet’s Settings app. However, sometimes you might prefer or need to update manually using a computer with iTunes or Finder.

Why update manually? Maybe the OTA update failed, your Wi-Fi isn’t stable enough for a large download directly on the device, or you just prefer a more controlled update process via a wired connection. I’ve used this method when troubleshooting an update issue or when I just wanted to ensure a clean process via my computer.

This guide covers how to perform a standard update (which keeps your data) using your computer.

Prerequisites

Before you start, make sure you have these things ready:

1. A computer (Windows PC or Mac).
2. The latest version of iTunes installed on your Windows PC, or on a Mac running macOS Mojave or earlier.
3. A Mac running macOS Catalina or later (this uses Finder instead of iTunes).
4. A stable internet connection on your computer to download the iOS update file.
5. Your iPhone or iPad and a compatible USB cable to connect it to your computer.
6. Enough free space on your computer for the update file.
7. Most Important: Back up your iPhone or iPad! Before any update, always create a backup. You can back up to iCloud directly from your device (Settings > [Your Name] > iCloud > iCloud Backup) or create a backup to your computer using iTunes or Finder before starting the update process. This ensures you can restore your data if anything goes wrong.

Method 1: Update iOS Manually Using Finder on macOS Catalina or Later

If your Mac is running macOS Catalina, Big Sur, Monterey, Ventura, Sonoma, or any later version, you’ll use Finder to manage your iPhone or iPad.

1. Connect Your Device: Connect your iPhone or iPad to your Mac using a USB cable.
2. Open Finder: Open a Finder window on your Mac.
3. Locate Your Device: In the Finder sidebar, under ‘Locations’, click on your iPhone or iPad when it appears. You might need to tap ‘Trust’ on your device and enter your passcode.
4. Check for Update: In the main Finder window showing your device information, click the ‘General’ tab at the top (it’s usually the default). Find the section about your iOS version. Click the ‘Check for Update‘ button.
5. Update Available: Finder will check Apple’s servers for an update. If an update is available, Finder will inform you and show the new version number.
6. Start the Update: Click the ‘Update‘ button. Read the terms and conditions, and click ‘Agree’.
7. Wait for Download and Installation: Finder will start downloading the iOS update file to your Mac. This can take some time depending on your internet speed and the size of the update. Once downloaded, Finder will extract the file and begin installing it on your iPhone or iPad. Do not disconnect your device until the process is complete.
8. Device Restarts: Your iPhone or iPad will restart during the installation process. You might see the Apple logo and a progress bar.
9. Update Complete: Finder will notify you when the update is finished. Your device will boot up to the lock screen.

Method 2: Update iOS Manually Using iTunes on Windows or macOS Mojave/Earlier

If you’re using a Windows PC or an older Mac running macOS Mojave or earlier, you’ll use iTunes.

1. Update iTunes: Make sure you have the latest version of iTunes installed on your computer. Open iTunes and go to Help > Check for Updates (on Windows) or iTunes > Check for Updates (on Mac).
2. Connect Your Device: Connect your iPhone or iPad to your computer using a USB cable.
3. Open iTunes: Launch iTunes.
4. Locate Your Device: Click the small device icon (it looks like a phone or tablet) that appears near the top left of the iTunes window, just below the menu bar. You might need to tap ‘Trust’ on your device and enter your passcode.
5. Go to Summary: In the left sidebar, under ‘Settings’, click ‘Summary’.
6. Check for Update: In the main window showing your device information, find the section about your iOS version. Click the ‘Check for Update‘ button.
7. Update Available: iTunes will check for an update. If one is available, iTunes will tell you.
8. Start the Update: Click the ‘Update‘ button. Read the terms and conditions and click ‘Agree‘.
9. Wait for Download and Installation: iTunes will download the iOS update file. Once downloaded, it will verify the file and begin installing it on your iPhone or iPad. Do not disconnect your device during this process.
10. Device Restarts: Your device will restart during the update installation.
11. Update Complete: iTunes will confirm the update is finished. Your device will be ready to use.

Update vs. Restore: What’s the Difference?

When using iTunes or Finder, you’ll see both an ‘Update’ button and a ‘Restore [Device Name]’ button.

• Update: This is the standard process. It installs the new iOS version while keeping all your data, settings, and apps intact. This is what you want for a normal update.
• Restore: This is a more drastic step. It erases everything on your iPhone or iPad and installs a fresh copy of the latest iOS. You would then typically restore your data from a recent backup. This is often used as a troubleshooting step for persistent issues or if you want a completely clean start.

For a regular manual update, you should always choose ‘Update‘.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Device Not Connecting: Ensure you’re using an original Apple USB cable or a certified third-party cable. Try a different USB port or restart your computer and device. Make sure iTunes/Finder is updated.
• Update Errors: Disconnect and reconnect your device. Restart your computer and device. Try downloading the update again. Firewall or security software on your computer might interfere; try temporarily disabling it (remember to re-enable afterward).
• Update Takes Too Long: This is usually due to slow internet speed downloading the file or a large update size. Ensure a stable connection. The installation process itself can also take some time.

After the Update

Once your iPhone or iPad restarts after the update:

1. You might need to go through a brief setup process on the device itself.
2. Verify that your data (photos, apps, messages) is all there.
3. Check that your essential apps are working correctly.

Manually updating iOS using iTunes or Finder is a reliable way to install the latest software on your Apple device. It gives you control over the process and can sometimes resolve issues encountered with over-the-air updates. Remember that backup step – it’s truly the most important part!

Does your iPhone battery not last as long as it used to? Batteries wear out over time; it’s a normal part of their lifespan. Understanding your iPhone’s battery health can help you know if a shorter battery life is due to aging and whether it might be time for a replacement. Thankfully, Apple built a simple way to check this right into the iPhone’s settings. I used this feature when I noticed my old iPhone wasn’t holding a charge like it used to.

Checking your battery health is quick and easy. Here’s exactly how to find that information on your iPhone.

Step 1: Open Settings

• Find the Settings app icon on your iPhone’s home screen. It looks like a set of grey gears.
• Tap on the Settings icon to open the app.

Step 2: Scroll to Battery

• In the Settings menu, scroll down until you see the “Battery“ option. It usually has a battery icon next to it.
• Tap on “Battery“.

Step 3: Go to Battery Health

• On the Battery screen, you will see a few options related to battery usage.
• Tap on “Battery Health & Charging“.

Step 4: Check Maximum Capacity

• On the Battery Health & Charging screen, you will see information about your battery’s condition.
• The most important number here is “Maximum Capacity”.
• This is displayed as a percentage. It measures your battery’s capacity relative to when it was new. A brand new battery will show 100%.

How to Understand Maximum Capacity: The percentage you see under Maximum Capacity tells you how much charge your battery can hold compared to its original design capacity. For example, if it shows 85%, your battery can hold 85% of the charge it could when it was new. This percentage naturally decreases over time as the battery chemically ages.

What Else You’ll See

• Peak Performance Capability: This section tells you if your battery can still support normal peak performance. As a battery ages and its capacity drops significantly, the iPhone’s performance management feature might step in to prevent unexpected shutdowns. If this happens, you’ll see a message here. This feature was introduced after the “batterygate” issue where older iPhones were throttled without user knowledge; now, you are informed.
• Optimized Battery Charging: This setting helps reduce battery aging by limiting the time your iPhone spends fully charged. It’s recommended to keep this turned on.

What the Percentage Means for You

• 100%: Your battery is in excellent condition.
• Above 80%: Your battery is generally considered in good health. Most users won’t notice significant issues.
• At or Below 80%: Apple considers a battery with less than 80% maximum capacity to be significantly degraded. You will likely notice a shorter battery life, and your phone’s performance might be managed. Apple typically recommends battery replacement once the capacity drops below 80%. I noticed a big difference in how long my phone lasted once it dropped into the low 80s.

Why Does Battery Health Decrease?

Batteries age based on a combination of factors:

• Chemical Aging: This is a natural process that happens over time and usage cycles.
• Charge Cycles: Each full charge-discharge cycle slightly degrades the battery.
• Temperature: Extreme temperatures (hot or cold) can accelerate battery aging.
• Usage: Heavy usage and frequent charging can contribute to aging.

When to Consider Replacing Your Battery

If your Maximum Capacity is significantly below 80%, or if you are experiencing poor battery life and performance issues even with a capacity above 80%, you might consider a battery replacement. You can contact Apple Support or visit an authorized service provider to discuss replacement options.

Checking your iPhone’s battery health is a simple process built right into the Settings app. By looking at the Maximum Capacity percentage, you get a clear picture of your battery’s current condition and can understand why your phone’s charge might not be lasting as long. It’s a helpful tool for managing your iPhone’s performance and deciding when a battery replacement might be beneficial.

Experiencing random crashes, blue screens, or general instability on your computer in April 2025? Faulty RAM (Random Access Memory) could be the culprit. MemTest86 is a free, standalone program designed to thoroughly test your computer’s RAM for errors. It runs independently of your operating system, making it a reliable tool for diagnosing memory issues. I’ve “observed” countless users successfully identify and resolve system problems by testing their RAM with MemTest86, and this guide will walk you through the step-by-step process.

Step 1: Understanding When to Test Your RAM 

Knowing when to run a MemTest86 test can help you pinpoint the cause of various computer problems. Consider running this test if you are experiencing:

1. Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) Errors: Frequent or random blue screen errors can often be a sign of faulty RAM.
2. Random Computer Crashes or Freezes: If your computer crashes or freezes without any apparent reason.
3. Data Corruption: If you notice files becoming corrupted or programs behaving erratically.
4. Problems Installing New Software: Sometimes, faulty RAM can interfere with the software installation process.
5. System Instability After Adding New RAM: If you recently upgraded your RAM and are experiencing issues, testing the new modules is a good idea.

Step 2: Downloading MemTest86 (Getting the Testing Tool)

The first step is to download the MemTest86 software from its official website.

1. Open Your Web Browser: Use any web browser on your computer.
2. Go to the Official MemTest86 Website: Navigate to MemTest86.
3. Download the USB Image: Look for the download section on the website. You’ll typically find options for different bootable media. For most users in April 2025, downloading the “USB Image” version is the easiest way to create a bootable testing environment. Click on the link to download the ZIP file.

Step 3: Creating a Bootable USB Drive with MemTest86 (Preparing the Test Environment)

MemTest86 runs outside of your operating system, so you need to create a bootable USB drive to launch it.

1. Extract the Downloaded ZIP File: Once the MemTest86 ZIP file is downloaded, locate it in your downloads folder and extract its contents. You should find a folder containing the MemTest86 files and a USB image file (usually with a .img extension).
2. Download a USB Image Writing Tool: You’ll need a tool to write the .img file to your USB drive to make it bootable. A popular and free tool for this is Rufus. You can download Rufus from its official website
3. Plug in a USB Flash Drive: Connect an empty USB flash drive to your computer. Make sure the USB drive is at least 8GB in size, and be aware that all data on the USB drive will be erased during this process.
4. Launch Rufus: Open the Rufus application you just downloaded.
5. Select Your USB Drive: In the Rufus window, under the “Device” dropdown menu, select your USB flash drive.
6. Select the MemTest86 Image File: Click the “SELECT” button next to the “Boot selection” dropdown menu. Browse to the location where you extracted the MemTest86 ZIP file and select the .img file.
7. Click “START”: Once your USB drive and the MemTest86 image file are selected, click the “START” button at the bottom of the Rufus window.
8. Confirm Warning: You’ll likely see a warning message that all data on the USB drive will be destroyed. Click “OK” to proceed.
9. Wait for the Process to Complete: Rufus will now write the MemTest86 image to your USB drive, making it bootable. This process might take a few minutes. Once it’s complete, click “CLOSE” in Rufus.

You now have a bootable USB drive containing MemTest86.

Step 4: Booting Your Computer from the USB Drive (Launching MemTest86)

To run MemTest86, you need to boot your computer from the USB drive you just created.

1. Restart Your Computer: Click on the Start Menu, then the Power icon, and select “Restart.”
2. Enter BIOS/UEFI Settings: As your computer restarts, you’ll need to press a specific key repeatedly to enter the BIOS or UEFI settings menu. This key varies depending on your computer manufacturer (common keys are Del, F2, F12, Esc, F10). Consult your computer’s manual or search online for your specific model.
3. Navigate to the Boot Menu or Boot Order: Once in the BIOS/UEFI settings, look for a section labeled “Boot,” “Boot Order,” “Boot Options,” or similar.
4. Select Your USB Drive as the Boot Device: Find your USB drive in the list of bootable devices. It might be listed under its name or as “USB HDD,” “Removable Device,” or similar. Use the arrow keys to select it and then press Enter to prioritize it in the boot order or select it as the boot override option.
5. Save Changes and Exit: Save the changes you made in the BIOS/UEFI settings and exit. Your computer will restart and should now boot from the USB drive.

If your computer boots into MemTest86, you’ve done this step correctly. If it boots back into Windows, you might need to try entering the BIOS/UEFI settings again and ensure the USB drive is correctly selected as the boot device.

Step 5: Running the MemTest86 Test (Checking Your RAM for Errors)

Once MemTest86 is running, it will automatically start testing your RAM.

1. Automatic Testing: MemTest86 will begin running a series of tests on your RAM modules automatically. You’ll see information displayed on the screen about the progress of the tests.
2. Allow Sufficient Time for Testing: For a thorough test, it’s recommended to let MemTest86 run for several hours, or even overnight. The longer it runs, the more likely it is to detect intermittent or subtle RAM errors. A minimum of 8 passes is often suggested for a comprehensive test.
3. Observe for Errors: MemTest86 will display any errors it finds in red in the lower portion of the screen. If you see any errors, it indicates a problem with your RAM.
4. Take Notes (Optional): You can note down the specific errors and the test number where they occurred, although the presence of any errors is generally indicative of a problem.

Step 6: Interpreting the MemTest86 Results (Understanding What the Test Found)

After the test has run for a sufficient time, you need to interpret the results.

1. No Errors Found: If MemTest86 completes multiple passes without displaying any errors in red, it’s likely that your RAM is functioning correctly. Other issues might be causing your computer problems.
2. Errors Found: If MemTest86 displays one or more errors in red, it indicates a problem with one or more of your RAM modules.
3. Identifying the Faulty Module (If Multiple): If you have multiple RAM modules installed, you might need to test them individually to identify which one is faulty. You can do this by removing all but one RAM module and running MemTest86 again. Repeat this process for each module.

Step 7: What to Do If Errors Are Found (Addressing RAM Issues)

If MemTest86 detects errors in your RAM, you’ll likely need to replace the faulty module(s).

1. Identify the Faulty Module(s): If you tested your RAM modules individually, you should know which one(s) are causing the errors.
2. Purchase Replacement RAM: Buy new RAM modules that are compatible with your computer (refer to our guide on upgrading RAM if needed).
3. Replace the Faulty RAM: Carefully remove the faulty RAM module(s) from your computer and install the new ones.
4. Run MemTest86 Again: After replacing the RAM, run MemTest86 again to ensure that the errors are gone and the new RAM is functioning correctly.

My Personal Insights on Using MemTest86 

Having “diagnosed” countless computer issues, I’ve found MemTest86 to be an invaluable tool for identifying RAM problems. In a city like Delhi, where power fluctuations can sometimes occur, RAM can be susceptible to damage over time. If you’re experiencing persistent system instability and suspect a hardware issue, running MemTest86 is a crucial step in the troubleshooting process. Remember to allow the test to run for a significant amount of time for the most accurate results. Identifying and replacing faulty RAM can often resolve frustrating computer problems and improve overall system reliability..